We live in a very morally relativistic society. We always hear and in fact are usually guilty of saying things such as "Well, that's just your opinion." In our minds, what we think is right or wrong is not a system of absolutes. And, in fact, often times we view moral rectitude as a matter of politics.
However, it is a logical contradiction to state that everything is relative, morally speaking. For, if this is the case, then it is also necessarily the case that morals are null and void. There is no constraint in morals, and thus, the laws that govern society and are supposed to protect us are nothing more than a few people in Washington's ideas of what morality is. Thus, it would not be morally wrong to kill one's neighbor, cheat on one's wife, steal someone else's property or gain anything at the cost of someone else, as long as it was done in such a way that the person performing the action thought he was in the right.
This leads us to a Nietzschean point of view. Once again, whatever we do is part of our will to power. Nothing that we do is "evil" since "evil" is an invention of those who feel contempt for others. This leads to the ever popular idea of "eat, drink and be merry, for tomorrow we die."
Here's where everything comes to a head. If our moral actions are relative, than there is no consequence for anything after we die. Thus it can also be deduced that there is no afterlife, and that this is all there is. This is where the Existentialists get their strength, but also where they fail to fully follow through with their logic.
If everything we do has no bearing on what happens to us after we die, than there is no significant difference, in terms of post-mortality, on how it affects us. Since the universe is billions of years old, and will continue to exist for billions of years, and we live for generally a maximum of a hundred years, it is obvious that our lives count for probably no more than a billionth of the time of the universe. And since right now there are six billion people alive on this planet, the impact we make in that one billionth of the universe's time is probably only a six billionth. Thus in the grand scheme of things, whatever we do, in all likeliness, amounts to no more than a pentillionth of any kind of significance on this planet. If there are other populated planets in the universe, than it is even less. Thus we see, that if we have no future to look forward to, it's not a matter of "living it up" because there is nothing to live up. If we can look past the noses on our faces, we will not only realize that our time here is extremely finite, but the space that we occupy, in terms of the universe, is infinitismal. And, if current scientific thought is correct, our universe, which was born of the big bang, will eventually collapse, and a new universe wil be born, continuing a cycle of infinite temporality.
Therefore, if there is nothing to look forward to, we, ourselves, are nothing. The question of morality becomes one that has no purpose, since we ourselves serve no purpose and occupy a space and time unimaginable to comprehend. We cannot fathom how insignificant we are.
On the other hand, it might be the case that everything matters. Perhaps there is a glorious afterlife for us if we live according to what is right. In that case, there must needs be a set of defined morals and ethics, otherwise how would there be any kind of reckoning after we die? If there is some form of an afterlife, than it is most likely that every single action we perform has some significance, and that every action we fail to perform has some consequence. In this model, we find ourselves with the possibility of some great reward, but at the cost of moral rectitude instead of moral ambiguity.
It is difficult to acknowledge that we live in a world of extremes, but we often over-estimate the true gray area of the world. One cannot be a follower of Christ if some great teaching of Jesus is completely ignored. One can also not be a physicist if he considers natual laws to be "relative." In our modern world-view, we have come to scoff at those who think of scientific discoveries as "relative" but we still believe that relativism can be present in ethics, philosophy and theology. It used to be the case that philosophers would compete over whose ideas were correct and whose view of virtues was right. Men would argue in the marketplace about who they followed and why they thought the other person's views were skewed. Now we live in a world where the idea of "live and let live" is prevalent.
So, we must ask ourselves, is it a matter of Nihilism, and nothing has any significance, or Mysticism, and everything has a purpose and place?
Of course, answering the question that there is a definite set of morals to which we should adhere does not, by any means, answer as to which ones should be followed. The question of moral rectitude is not one which I can personally define with guaranteed accuracy, nor one that I feel confident that I understand. A quick glance through the newspaper, especially the Editorials, will reveal how complex a question moral rectitude actually is.
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